Purana Qila stands as a monumental testament to Delhi’s storied past. From its connections to the legendary city of Indraprastha to its role in Mughal history, this ancient fort encapsulates centuries of culture, architectural brilliance, and historical events. Visiting Purana Qila is like stepping back in time, where each structure and artifact tells a story of Delhi’s journey through the ages.
The Old Fort, or Purana Qila, is one of Delhi's oldest and most remarkable historical sites, offering a blend of ancient heritage, Mughal architecture, and historical significance. Located near the heart of the city, this ancient fort serves as a testimony to Delhi's historical evolution, with layers of history that date back thousands of years, including associations with the ancient city of Indraprastha, which was mentioned in the Mahabharata.
Historical Background
Purana Qila’s origins are believed to trace back to the era of the Pandavas in ancient India, where it was associated with Indraprastha, the capital of the kingdom mentioned in the Mahabharata. However, the fort as seen today was largely developed during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Humayun, and later completed by Sher Shah Suri. It became a symbol of the power struggles between the Mughals and the Afghan ruler Sher Shah, who seized Delhi and established the Suri dynasty for a brief period before the return of Humayun.
Architectural Highlights
Purana Qila showcases a blend of both Mughal and Afghan architectural styles, incorporating the use of red sandstone and elegant arches, domes, and intricate carvings. The fort is spread over approximately 1.5 kilometers, with massive stone walls that reflect the fort’s historical prominence and defensive strength.
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Main Gateways: The Old Fort has three main gates - the Bada Darwaza (main entrance), the Humayun Darwaza, and the Talaqi Darwaza. Each gate reflects the grandeur of Mughal architecture and was built with detailed designs and archways. The Humayun Darwaza is especially notable for its intricate carvings and inscriptions.
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Qila-i-Kuhna Mosque: Built by Sher Shah Suri, the Qila-i-Kuhna Mosque is one of the most beautiful structures within Purana Qila. It represents a fine example of Indo-Islamic architecture with its elegant arches, domes, and use of red sandstone and white marble. The mosque's prayer hall features intricate calligraphy and beautiful jali (latticework) windows that allow sunlight to create a mesmerizing effect.
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Sher Mandal: Originally designed as an observation tower by Sher Shah Suri, this structure was later used as a library by Emperor Humayun. It was here that Humayun reportedly fell to his death, adding a layer of tragic history to the building. Sher Mandal is a two-storied octagonal structure with intricate Mughal design elements, making it a standout structure within the fort complex.
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Baoli (Stepwell): Another hidden gem within the fort complex is the baoli, or stepwell, which served as a water reservoir for the inhabitants of the fort. It is a beautiful structure with a unique design, reflecting the water conservation methods employed in ancient architecture.
The Archaeological Significance of Purana Qila
Excavations conducted by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) around Purana Qila have revealed artifacts that date back to the Maurya, Kushana, and Gupta periods, proving that the site has been inhabited for thousands of years. Items such as pottery, coins, and sculptures unearthed here indicate that Purana Qila may indeed be located on the ancient site of Indraprastha, making it a significant archaeological landmark.
Sound and Light Show at Purana Qila
To bring the fort’s rich history to life, Purana Qila hosts a daily sound and light show that narrates the story of Delhi’s past, covering different eras from ancient times to the Mughal period. The show is a popular attraction for visitors, offering a fascinating experience through captivating visuals, sounds, and storytelling in the fort's historic setting.
Visitor Information
- Timings: Purana Qila is open daily from 7 AM to 5 PM.
- Entry Fee: There is a nominal entry fee, with different rates for Indian citizens and foreign visitors.
- Sound and Light Show: Held daily in both Hindi and English, the show typically begins after sunset, with separate ticketing available at the fort.
- Best Time to Visit: The ideal time to visit is during the cooler months, from October to March, as the weather is more pleasant for exploring the outdoor complex.
- Photography: Photography is permitted, and the fort’s historic architecture offers countless opportunities for stunning photos.