Qutub Minar, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is considered the tallest minaret in India, standing at an impressive height of over 237.8 feet with a base diameter of 14.3 meters. Built from red sandstone and marble, this stunning structure includes 379 steps spiraling to the top. The construction of Qutub Minar began in 1192 by Qutub-ud-din Aibak, though it was completed by Iltutmish, his successor. The minaret is part of the larger Qutub Complex, which features various ancient and medieval ruins, collectively preserving a glimpse of India’s architectural heritage.
Architectural Marvel and Design
Crafted from fluted red sandstone, Qutub Minar is richly adorned with intricate carvings and Quranic verses. Its unique design combines Persian and Islamic styles with Nagari and Parso-Arabic inscriptions. Interestingly, an inscription on the minaret is believed to read "Sri Vishwakarma Prasade Rachita," or "Conceived with the Grace of Vishwakarma."
Qutub Minar's cylindrical shafts are separated by balconies supported by Mugarnas corbels, showcasing fine architectural detailing. The minaret is said to have been built on the remains of the Lal Kot, also known as the Red Citadel, once part of the ancient city of Dhillika, which served as the capital under the Chauhan and Tomar dynasties, the last Hindu rulers of Delhi.
The Iron Pillar: A Metallurgical Marvel
Located nearby within the Qutub Complex, the famous Iron Pillar is an ancient metallurgical wonder. Visitors believe that if they stand with their back to the pillar and encircle it with their arms while making a wish, the wish will be granted. The pillar’s construction includes a unique blend of metals, giving it a remarkable resistance to corrosion.
The Iron Pillar features a Sanskrit inscription in Brahmi Script from the 4th century AD, stating that the pillar was established by Vishnudhvaja in memory of King Chandra. A deep socket at the top of the pillar once held an image of Garuda.
Restorations and Preservation
Over the centuries, Qutub Minar faced damage, particularly the top floors, due to lightning strikes and earthquakes. During Firoz Shah’s reign, the damaged floors were restored, and after another earthquake, Major Smith made additional repairs. In 1848, a pavilion added by Firoz Shah was relocated between the Minar and the Dak Bungalow.
Until 1981, visitors were allowed to climb the minaret via a narrow staircase. However, after a tragic stampede caused by a power failure that resulted in the loss of over 45 lives, the staircase has since been closed to the general public.
Visitor Experience at Qutub Minar
Today, Qutub Minar stands as a symbol of India’s architectural brilliance and rich history. Open from sunrise to sunset, the monument is best visited in the early morning or late afternoon to enjoy the mesmerizing glow of the red sandstone. The surrounding gardens offer a serene space amidst Delhi’s vibrant cityscape, making it a must-visit attraction for history and architecture enthusiasts.
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