Introduction:

Jharkhand, located in the eastern part of India, is known as the "Land of Forests." It is rich in mineral resources and is home to diverse flora, fauna, and tribal cultures. Formed in 2000, the state shares borders with Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and West Bengal.

Geography and Climate:

Jharkhand is predominantly a plateau region with rolling hills, lush forests, and fertile lands. The state's climate is mostly tropical with hot summers, moderate monsoons, and cool winters. Major rivers include the Damodar, Subarnarekha, and Koel.

Major Cities:

• Ranchi – The capital city known for its waterfalls, hills, and cultural heritage.
• Jamshedpur – An industrial hub, home to Tata Steel, known for its planned layout and green cover.
• Dhanbad – Famous for its coal mines, also known as the "Coal Capital of India."

Tourist Attractions:

Jharkhand offers several tourist attractions, including:

• Betla National Park – Known for its rich wildlife and elephants.
• Netarhat – A picturesque hill station known as the "Queen of Chotanagpur."
• Hundru Falls – A magnificent waterfall near Ranchi.
• Deoghar – A prominent Hindu pilgrimage site, famous for the Baba Baidyanath Temple.
• Parasnath Hills – A revered Jain pilgrimage site.

Culture and Festivals:

Jharkhand is rich in tribal culture with a significant Santhal, Munda, and Oraon population. The state's festivals reflect its vibrant heritage:

• Sarhul – A tribal festival celebrating the Sal tree and the arrival of the New Year.
• Karma – A harvest festival celebrated with great enthusiasm by tribal communities.
• Tusu Parab – Celebrated during the harvest season in rural areas.

Cuisine:

Jharkhand's cuisine is simple and largely vegetarian, with rice being a staple. Popular dishes include:

• Litti-Chokha – A traditional Bihari dish also enjoyed in Jharkhand.
• Dhuska – Deep-fried rice flour pancakes served with chutney or curry.
• Tilkut – A sweet made from sesame seeds, commonly consumed during festivals.

Economy:

Jharkhand is one of India’s most resource-rich states, particularly in terms of:

• Minerals – It is a leading producer of coal, iron ore, copper, and bauxite.
• Industry – It is home to large steel plants, thermal power plants, and industrial cities like Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, and Bokaro.
• Agriculture – The main crops include rice, wheat, maize, and pulses.

Transport and Connectivity:

Jharkhand has a well-connected transportation system, with airports in Ranchi and several railway and road networks linking it to other states. The state is also known for its extensive coal and mineral transport infrastructure.